To analyse colour scientifically, various systems are used to numerically describe colour values.

CIE Colour Spaces: The CIE 1931 colour space and the CIE-LAB system are widely used to define colours in a device-independent manner, allowing colours to be represented as coordinates in a 3D space.

Delta E (ΔE): This value measures the difference between two colours in the CIE colour space. Delta E values are crucial in assessing colour accuracy in various industries, especially in quality control for printing.